Why EVs as Biomarkers?

So why are extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, such useful biomarkers then?

The major reason for this is quite simple. It’s because they’re present in virtually all the biofluids you can think of (Diagram 1.5). Extracellular vesicles can be found in fluids such as:

• Serum, plasma
• Urine
• Seminal fluid
• CSF
• Saliva
• Tears
• Breast milk

This ubiquity makes extracellular vesicle-based diagnostics that much more practical in terms of ease of use, speed, and minimally invasive procedures.

Moreover, extracellular vesicles can be used as biomarkers for more than just initial diagnostic purposes. These vesicles, including exosomes, can act as overall prognostic indicators as well as predictors of response to treatment, such as cisplatin.

Consequently, the one-size-fits-all approach to treatment will hopefully be part of a bygone era soon enough

Diagram 1.5: Human Body Fluids Where EVs Are Found.